Despite being based on a successful novel and featuring a talented cast, Beautiful Creatures was a financial disappointment upon release in , and just about covered its production budget. Critics felt the movie was dull and the central romance was a little too sappy, while followers of the book series hated many of the changes it made. While the original film has its own fans the odds of Beautiful Creatures 2 coming together now are close to zero.

The first film was a flop and the lead actors are too old to convincingly play teenagers, as Ethan and Lena still are in Beautiful Darkness. The YA movie bubble has long since burst too, so even if the first movie has a cult following, there's simply not enough interest in a Beautiful Creatures 2. Maybe the Caster Chronicles will receive a movie or TV reboot in the future, but for now, the franchise is dormant. A part-time hobby soon blossomed into a career when he discovered he really loved writing about movies, TV and video games — he even arguably had a little bit of talent for it.

And I yelled at you because I care about you, that's what normal people do who love each other! When one of them is acting like a brat! Now would you please stop raining on me! Sign In. Play trailer Drama Fantasy Romance. Director Richard LaGravenese. Top credits Director Richard LaGravenese.

See more at IMDbPro. Trailer Version 2. Version -- 1. Beautiful Creatures. Clip Featurette Promo Photos Top cast Edit. Viola Davis Amma as Amma. Thomas Mann Link as Link. Eileen Atkins Gramma as Gramma. Pruitt Taylor Vince Mr. Lee as Mr. Robin Skye Mrs. Hester as Mrs. Lance E. Richard LaGravenese. More like this. Watch options. Storyline Edit. Teenager Ethan Wate Alden Ehrenreich is obsessed with his urge to finish high school and go on to college in order to leave the small town of Gatlin, South Carolina behind, until a mysterious girl begins to inhabit his dreams.

The director therefore needed her costume to change but liked the framing and other aspects of the shot, so the key technical task here was to replace the dress whenever the camera moves close to her.

Method chose to make a digital double of her body wearing the required dress, keeping the head and flowing hair as they were in the plates and focussing their efforts on building and integrating the body. The dress was created with a cloth simulation to match its looks in the wide shots, floating around her. Because the only other reference of her wearing this dress was a backlit wide shot, the production sent the actual dress to the team to use when creating the simulation, to study and replicate the fabric.

Their approach to the sequence left time for creatively enhancing the lighting and dramatic sky, which were also important to Richard LaGravenese. The large room changes dramatically in look and mood from sequence to sequence, starting out pure white and progressively becoming darker until it is black at the end. Unfortunately, as the shoot had progressed, these changes had not been taken into consideration — the set was always shot in its original bright white mode.

At one point, it takes on an autumnal mood and appears to open out at the back to a forest entirely composed of computer generated trees and falling leaves, with a digital matte painting for the distant background. For this scene, Method was assigned to change the walls to deep orange and open the rear walls of the set to reveal the forest environment. The white hair of the grandmother character had been shot against the white set, which made extracting each hair fairly tricky.

As far as possible, we colour corrected the walls to look orange without replacing them, and then corrected the elements to look as though they were in an orange room but not actually orange themselves.

On the walls, a straightforward hue shift was not enough — all the shadows had to be re-worked for different elements, separating each one, for example the moulding on the walls, to make them look real. Overall, the scene required a lot of rotoscoping. It helps, therefore, to know if they will be pushing the images to look darker, brighter and so on. When the evil Sarafine, in the guise of Mrs Lincoln, attempts to visit Ethan at home she first has to tangle with a magical force field that Lena has put in place around his house as protection.

Losing her composure, she lets her darker side show through — with some frightening effects including black veins appearing over her face and animated tendrils emerging and wrapping around her body.

Method discussed with the director just how her shifting appearance should look at various moments. Would they actually reveal Sarafine, or keep the audience guessing? Production VFX supervisor Joe Harkins and Richard explained fairly clearly what they wanted and the team arrived at the right look for the effects without too many iterations. We then placed a set up of curves on the CG surface that allowed us to deform this surface accordingly. Combining the results gave us the displacement.

The colour correction was added in the composite, before integrating all of the effects. Even when the skin is stretching, for example, you need to be able to achieve the same stretching in the CG model as well.

Otherwise you have the impression of the effect sliding over the surface of the skin. To achieve the look of the dark veins lying just below the surface is applied as a subsurface quality, in the render. Particles were initially emitted from her body, each producing its trajectory, into a turbulence field, giving them a random path which, in this example, produces curves. Animating this turbulence field, in turn, animates the curves.

The force field look was somewhat different, because it needed to relate to a much grander electrical force field effect another vendor created in a sequence near the end of the film.

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Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Logically, I can see that constants and pointers, in some cases, will be larger so programs are likely to be larger. And the desire to allocate memory on word boundaries for efficiency would mean more white-space between allocations.

I have also heard that 32 bit mode on the x86 has to flush its cache when context switching due to possible overlapping 4G address spaces. For some tests it results in smaller code and faster execution than either 32b or 64b. This is most likely due to the fact that we have 16 x 64 bit general purpose registers and 16 x SSE registers instead of 8 x 32 bit general purpose registers and 8 x SSE registers. This is with the Intel ICC compiler Windows , may be different of course. Unless you need to access more memory that 32b addressing will allow you, the benefits will be small, if any.

When running on 64b CPU, you get the same memory interface no matter if you are running 32b or 64b code you are using the same cache and same BUS. While x64 architecture has a few more registers which allows easier optimizations, this is often counteracted by the fact pointers are now larger and using any structures with pointers results in a higher memory traffic.

Regardless of the benefits, I would suggest that you always compile your program for the system's default word size bit or bit , since if you compile a library as a bit binary and provide it on a bit system, you will force anyone who wants to link with your library to provide their library and any other library dependencies as a bit binary, when the bit version is the default available.

This can be quite a nuisance for everyone. When in doubt, provide both versions of your library. As to the practical benefits of bit Another benefit is that, assuming the compiler does a good job of optimizing, many of your arithmetic operations can be parallelized for example, placing two pairs of bit numbers in two registers and performing two adds in single add operation , and big number computations will run more quickly. That said, the whole bit vs bit thing won't help you with asymptotic complexity at all, so if you are looking to optimize your code, you should probably be looking at the algorithms rather than the constant factors like this.

EDIT : Please disregard my statement about the parallelized addition. This is not performed by an ordinary add statement A more accurate benefit, aside from the larger address space, is that there are more general purpose registers, which means more local variables can be maintained in the CPU register file, which is much faster to access, than if you place the variables in the program stack which usually means going out to the L1 cache.

I'm coding a chess engine named foolsmate. The best move extraction using a minimax-based tree search to depth 9 from a certain position took:. In addition to having more registers, bit has SSE2 by default. This means that you can indeed perform some calculations in parallel. The SSE extensions had other goodies too. But I guess the main benefit is not having to check for the presence of the extensions.

If it's x64, it has SSE2 available. If my memory serves me correctly. Only justification for moving your application to 64 bit is need for more memory in applications like large databases or ERP applications with at least s of concurrent users where 2 GB limit will be exceeded fairly quickly when applications cache for better performance. Only pointers are 64 bit. Compuatation intensive applications which require large decimals for highest accuracy not afforded by double on bit operating system.

Of course large disk based databases will also show improvement over 32 bit simply due to ability to use large memory for caching query plans and so on.

More data is transferred between the CPU and RAM for each memory fetch 64 bits instead of 32 , so bit programs can be faster provided they are written so that they properly take advantage of this. In general, though, 64 bit code is not necessarily any faster, and is usually larger, both for code and memory usage at runtime.

Any applications that require CPU usage such as transcoding, display performance and media rendering, whether it be audio or visual, will certainly require at this point and benefit from using 64 bit versus 32 bit due to the CPU's ability to deal with the sheer amount of data being thrown at it.

The computer uses two specific Program File directories. If your bit app is in the correct x86 folder, your computer will be able to access the correct bit version. Beyond that, the applications in your Program Files directory can access other available content. Galaxy Buds 2 Best Movies on Netflix. The future of immersive VR?

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Simultaneous interpretation SI is when an interpreter verbally translates the message from one language to another in real-time, helping to facilitate communication without disrupting the natural flow of the speaker.

Hundreds of translators and interpreters also accompany athletes and coaches to assist in communication with the judges and media, as well as to help Olympians to communicate with fans and other athletes. The host city also goes to great lengths to try to minimise language barriers for international visitors. On the streets, signage appears in different languages to try to avoid traffic accidents and confusion, whilst many restaurants supply translated menus to try to make it easier for customers to order.

The goal of the Olympics is to help build a better, more peaceful world through sport, and language is a vital component of that. Now you know what the three official languages of the Tokyo Olympics are, keep an ear out for the French, English and Japanese commentary the next time you tune in to watch the Aussies bring home Gold!

In fact, the charter suggests French has standing over English. French usage has been slipping in recent Olympics. It seemed to have disappeared altogether three years ago in Rio de Janeiro. Signage in French was nowhere. And to be fair, the organizing committee could barely afford to put up signs in the local Portuguese, or English — much less French. It all traces back to Pierre de Coubertin, who revived the Olympic Games at the end of the 19 th century when French was considered the language of diplomacy.

Interestingly, according to Rule 23 [correction] of the Olympic Charter, French is an official IOC language, alongside English, but should a discrepancy between a French text and an English one occur in any IOC document, the French text prevails, so in many ways it is the most important official Olympic language.

The Olympics, like most businesses, operates in a multi-lingual world where discrepancies are bound to occur.

Considering translation or interpretation services from Rapport International? Get started today! Rapport International provides written translation, spoken interpretation and multilingual communication services for local and global companies. What makes them different?

In this post, I am going to talk about the 10 computer networking concepts that every professional should master. I will also include links to the main articles of each concept. It implements the offline mail access model, which means that the mails are retrieved from the mail server on the local machine, and then deleted from the mail server.

Nowadays, millions of users use the POP3 protocol to access the incoming mails. Due to the offline mail access model, it cannot be used as much. The online model we would prefer in the ideal world.

In the online model, we need to be connected to the internet always. The biggest problem with the offline access using POP3 is that the mails are permanently removed from the server, so multiple computers cannot access the mails. The solution to this problem is to store the mails at the remote server rather than on the local server.

The POP3 also faces another issue, i. The solution to this problem is to use the disconnected access model, which provides the benefits of both online and offline access. In the disconnected access model, the user can retrieve the mail for local use as in the POP3 protocol, and the user does not need to be connected to the internet continuously. However, the changes made to the mailboxes are synchronized between the client and the server. The mail remains on the server so different applications in the future can access it.

When developers recognized these benefits, they made some attempts to implement the disconnected access model. This is implemented by using the POP3 commands that provide the option to leave the mails on the server. This works, but only to a limited extent, for example, keeping track of which messages are new or old become an issue when both are retrieved and left on the server.

So, the POP3 lacks some features which are required for the proper disconnected access model. In the mids, the development began at Stanford University on a new protocol that would provide a more capable way of accessing the user mailboxes.

The result was the development of the interactive mail access protocol, which was later renamed as Internet Message Access Protocol. It was updated in RFC , August , retaining the same version. So they created a new document of version 3 known as IMAP3. In RFC , which was published in February Register for Webinar.

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For well known applications, such as SQL Server, security guidelines are available from the vendor. Check with your application vendor for their current security baselines. For custom developed and in-house applications, an application penetration test is a good starting point to identify any vulnerabilities or misconfigurations that need to be addressed. Cyber-criminals assume that organisation will not learn a lesson from the first Read more.

The September Patch Tuesday security bundle from Microsoft fixes 60 vulnerabilities including some rated as Critical and a zero-day vulnerability under active attack affecting Microsoft Office. Pass the hash is a technique used to steal credentials and enable lateral movement within a target network.

In Windows networks, the challenge-response model used by NTLM security is abused to enable a malicious user to Read more. The Zerologon vulnerability is a Read more. Microsoft starts the year with their first patch Tuesday bundle of security fixes targeting 10 Critical vulnerabilities include a zero-day being exploited in Windows Defender. Next Previous. What is server hardening?

Articles , Infrastructure 31 March, 7. Contents 1 What is the attack surface 2 Create configuration standards to ensure a consistent approach 3 How separating server roles improves security 4 How vulnerability scans can help server hardening 5 Server hardening checklist. Subscribe to our monthly cybersecurity newsletter.

We hate spam as much as you do. Department of Defense's Cyber Strategy Report :. Competitors deterred from engaging the United States and our allies in an armed conflict are using cyberspace operations to steal our technology, disrupt our government and commerce, challenge our democratic processes, and threaten our critical infrastructure. As such, many companies supporting and selling servers and workstations to the DoD are turning to advanced system hardening tools and best practices to improve the security of their servers and other computer systems, oftentimes as a prerequisite for doing business with the DoD.

In this blog post, we'll discuss system hardening, its importance, the types of system hardening, how system hardening is achieved, and more. By the end, you should know what steps to take to begin or expand upon your system hardening processes and procedures. Graphic: System hardening involves reducing a server's or workstation's attack surface. System hardening is the process of securing a server or computer system by minimizing its attack surface, or surface of vulnerability, and potential attack vectors.

Part of the system hardening elimination process involves deleting or disabling needless system applications, permissions, ports, user accounts, and other features so that attackers have fewer opportunities to gain access to a mission-critical or critical-infrastructure computer system's sensitive information.

But at its core, system hardening is a method for protecting a system against attacks perpetrated by cybercriminals. Now you know why system hardening exists, but you might be wondering about its practical purpose and why businesses and organizations implement system hardening practices. The basic purpose of implementing system hardening techniques and practices is to simply minimize the number of potential entryways an attacker could use to access your system and to do so from inception.

This is oftentimes referred to as following a secure-by-design philosophy. Graphic: There are a few different types of system hardening, but they're all interrelated. Server hardening is a general system hardening process that involves securing the data, ports, components, functions, and permissions of a server using advanced security measures at the hardware, firmware, and software layers. If you have any questions or suggestions for the server hardening website, please feel free to send an email to john serverhardening.

That is exactly how server hardening impacts server security. Hardened servers are more resistant to security issues than non-hardened servers. Much of the applications and system software that is now developed is intended for use on the Internet, and for connections to the Internet. Server Hardening , probably one of the most important tasks to be handled on your servers, becomes more understandable when you realize all the risks involved.

Make sure RDP is only accessible by authorized users. By default, all administrators can use RDP once it is enabled on the server. Additional people can join the Remote Desktop Users group for access without becoming administrators.

Telnet should never be used at all, as it passes information in plain text and is woefully insecure in several ways. Same goes for FTP. Windows server has a set of default services that start automatically and run in the background. Many of these are required for the OS to function, but some are not and should be disabled if not in use. Following the same logic as the firewall, we want to minimize the attack surface of the server by disabling everything other than primary functionality.

Older versions of MS server have more unneeded services than newer, so carefully check any or ! Important services should be set to start automatically so that the server can recover without human interaction after failure. For more complex applications, take advantage of the Automatic Delayed Start option to give other services a chance to get going before launching intensive application services.

You can also set up service dependencies in which a service will wait for another service or set of services to successfully start before starting. Dependencies also allow you to stop and start an entire chain at once, which can be helpful when timing is important. Finally, every service runs in the security context of a specific user.

This configuration may work most of the time, but for application and user services, best practice dictates setting up service specific accounts, either locally or in AD, to handle these services with the minimum amount of access necessary. This keeps malicious actors who have compromised an application from extending that compromise into other areas of the server or domain.

Microsoft provides best practices analyzers based on role and server version that can help you further harden your systems by scanning and making recommendations. Although User Account Control UAC can get annoying, it serves the important purpose of abstracting executables from the security context of the logged in user. This prevents malware from running in the background and malicious websites from launching installers or other code.

Leave UAC on whenever possible. The tips in this guide help secure the Windows operating system, but every application you run should be hardened as well. Common Microsoft server applications such as MSSQL and Exchange have specific security mechanisms that can help protect them against attacks like ransomware such as WannaCry , be sure to research and tweak each application for maximum resilience. Finally, you need to make sure that your logs and monitoring are configured and capturing the data you want so that in the event of a problem, you can quickly find what you need and remediate it.

Logging works differently depending on whether your server is part of a domain. Domain logons are processed by domain controllers, and as such, they have the audit logs for that activity, not the local system. Check the max size of your logs and scope them to an appropriate size. Log defaults are almost always far too small to monitor complex production applications. As such, disk space should be allocated during server builds for logging, especially for applications like MS Exchange.

Consider a centralized log management solution if handling logs individually on servers gets overwhelming. Like a syslog server in the Linux world, a centralized event viewer for Windows servers can help speed up troubleshooting and remediation times for medium to large environments.

Establish a performance baseline and set up notification thresholds for important metrics. Whether you use the built-in Windows performance monitor, or a third party solution that uses a client or SNMP to gather data, you need to be gathering performance info on every server. Things like available disk space, processor and memory use, network activity and even temperature should be constantly analyzed and recorded so anomalies can be easily identified and dealt with.

This step is often skipped over due to the hectic nature of production schedules, but in the long run it will pay dividends because troubleshooting without established baselines is basically shooting in the dark. Benchmarks from CIS cover network security hardening for cloud platforms such as Microsoft Azure as well as application security policy for software such as Microsoft SharePoint, along with database hardening for Microsoft SQL Server, among others.

Never attempt to harden web servers in use as this can affect your production workloads, with unpredictable disruptions, so instead, provision fresh servers for hardening, then migrate your applications after hardening and fully testing the setup. A good first step when hardening a Windows web server involves patching the server with the latest service packs from Microsoft before moving on to securing your web server software such as Microsoft IIS, Apache, PHP, or Nginx.

Harden system access and configure network traffic controls, including setting minimum password length, configure Windows Firewall, which allows you to implement functionality similar to iptables using traffic policy, set up a hardware firewall if one is available, and configure your audit policy as well as log settings. Eliminate potential backdoors that can be used by an attacker, starting at the firmware level, by ensuring your servers have the latest BIOS firmware that is hardened against firmware attacks, all the way to IP address rules for limiting unauthorized access, and uninstalling unused services or unnecessary software.

Make sure all file system volumes use the NTFS filesystem, and configure file permissions to limit user permission to least privilege access. You should also install anti-virus software as part of your standard server security configuration, ideally with daily updates and real-time protection. To really secure your servers against the most common attacks, you must adopt something of the hacker mindset yourself, which means scanning for potential vulnerabilities from the viewpoint of how a malicious attacker might look for an opening.

Inevitably, the largest hacks tend to occur when servers have poor or incorrect access control permissions, ranging from lax file system permissions to network and device permissions.

To reduce exposure through access control, set group policy and permissions to the minimum privileges acceptable, and consider implementing strict protocols such as 2 Factor Authentication as well as zero trust privilege to ensure resources are only accessed by authenticated actors.

Other common areas of vulnerability include social engineering and servers running with unpatched software, for which your team should undergo regular cybersecurity training and you should be regularly testing and applying the most recent security patches for software running on your servers. These can be attractive targets for exploits.

That is the force of gravity follows inverse square law. Where G is the proportionality constant. It has the value 6. What does it mean to say that the gravity of the Earth is 9. Ed Hitchcock. Jan 27, Explanation: As per Law of Universal Gravitation the force of attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of masses of the two bodies. Related questions Does gravitational force get weaker with distance? How strong is gravitational force? How does cosmic background radiation change the universe?

So most people just use 9. Example: how much force to hold an apple with a mass of 0. We also say the apple has a weight of 0. Example: a kg steel beam sits evenly on two supports. How much force is on each support? Gravity : the attraction of objects with mass or energy towards each other. Example: An Apple and the Earth The apple has a mass of 0. Example continued : Knowing the force is 0.

The Moon orbits the Earth at about , km every Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. You can go a few miles up or down and it'll still be good enough, but once you get any significant distance away from the surface of Earth, you would need to use a different value for gravitational acceleration.

How much does the acceleration of gravity change? Depending on the mass distribution and the shape not perfectly spherical! The approximation of 9. The exact value is most likely different at a specific location, due to the distance from the centre of the earth to the point being evaluated. The reference to "surface of the earth" is also a relative since the earth is known not to be perfectly round due to centrifugal forces making the radius greater at the equator.

Also, since the earth is spinning the same centrifugal forces have a slight influence on object mass at the evaluation point. Acceleration due to gravity, g is not a universal constant like G. Its calculated by formula mentioned in previous answers. The relation: Increase the height, g will become less as per formula.

The value 9. When height is small with respect to radius of earth , the value is slightly less than 9. So, this variation can be neglected for a high school etc problems. When accuracy is important due to scientific reasons etc , the value of g can't be 9. Once again, This consideration is valid only for constant mass system.

As we go above or below the surface of earth the value of g decreases since g is inversely proportional to height.

Got us throu a lot of stuff. Kinda like conventional war and weaponry. Now howerver we must take the lead. Animals adapt. Weve gotta change. Take the initiative or get lost in someones dust. So for these and other reasons we should look at the constitution as an old car in the garage.

Do we keep it maybe fix it up? This is the reason immigrants from all over the world want to move here!! Changing the Constitution like changing the rules in the middle of a game would ruin the US economy, taxes would go thru the roof, nobody could afford anything including food and clothes, and we would be the next Venezuela which was one of the richest countries in the world 30 years ago.

I would argue a lot has to do with terms and election cycles. In particular election cycle, the majority of the state may lean one way liberal or conservative , but by the time their second senator is up for re election, ideologies may change. Interesting phenominon to say the least. Click here to cancel reply. Facebook Facebook. Why do some states elect two Senators from different parties? In trying to stop a potential tyranny of the majority, this arrangement succeeds in enshrining a tyranny of the minority.

Majority rule is far from perfect, but minority rule is clearly worse. But in fact, most of the framers of the Constitution originally opposed this system, with only five of the thirteen states strongly supporting it. Alexander Hamilton was particularly incensed with the idea that all states should have equal legislative representation.

Writing in Federalist 22 , he complained:. Every idea of proportion and every rule of fair representation conspire to condemn a principle, which gives to Rhode Island an equal weight in the scale of power with Massachusetts, or Connecticut, or New York; and to Delaware an equal voice in the national deliberations with Pennsylvania, or Virginia, or North Carolina.

Its operation contradicts the fundamental maxim of republican government, which requires that the sense of the majority should prevail. In the end, the two-senator rule was adopted — primarily because the small states threatened to drop out of the whole process if they did not get their way.

It was more a matter of political extortion than of reasoned compromise. Before , many state senates were also misrepresentative — giving sparsely populated rural districts the same representation as densely populated urban districts. But that year, the Supreme Court declared that arrangement unconstitutional.

The justices ruled that it clearly violated the rights of citizens to equal representation and equally weighted votes. This decision has not proved to be an unpopular one and has not generated any organized political effort to overturn it — in contrast to some controversial Court decisions in areas like abortion and campaign financing. Interestingly, most constitutional scholars agree that if the two-senator clause was not in the constitution, it would have been declared unconstitutional decades ago for the very same reasons it was ruled illegal in the states.

Solutions to the problem of a grossly misrepresentative Senate are many and obvious — at least in theory. We could simply follow the example of many European democracies and just abolish the Senate. Senate-less democracies seem to get along fine without this extra legislative institution. This solution might make the most sense to Americans concerned about this problem.

Another alternative would be to keep the Senate and simply try to reduce or eliminate the conservative small state bias. We could go the way of the states and simply make senate representation proportional to population. So, like the House, larger states would have more senators than smaller states.

Seems redundant. There are some more creative suggestions. One is to give state senators different numbers of votes on legislation depending on the population of their state.

Senators from small states would get one vote each, but Senators from larger states would get 20, 30, or 40 votes. It has also been suggested that we might break bigger states up into several smaller states to increase the number of Senators representing its citizens. California, for instance, might agree to be broken up into three or six separate states. Solving the problem of the egregious misrepresentation in the Senate is unlikely to happen soon. The main obstacle is the Constitution.

Since the representation of states in the Senate is stipulated by the Constitution, any attempt to change it would necessarily require a constitutional amendment. But of course this is a very difficult process, requiring the approval of three-quarters of the states and two-thirds of the House and Senate.

Ironically, then, an effort to remedy the minority rule built into the Senate would probably run afoul of the minority rule built into the amending process. It would take only 13 of the small states to block such an amendment. But the barrier to reform for the Senate is actually higher than that. Talk about minority rule! Under the Articles of Confederation the loose national governing doctrine that existed before the Constitution all states were equal on all matters. At the time of the Constitutional Convention, the population difference between the biggest state Virginia and the smallest Georgia was only about to-1, compared to to-1 today.

To preserve and strengthen the union, the framers needed every state to join. The method of awarding seats in Congress — favoring big states in the House but small states in the Senate — reeks of this political problem, or, to put it more generously, it was the solution to this problem. When it came to appeasing the small states, the drafters had to go one step further to ensure them that they would not be overwhelmed by the big states.

The framers agreed to make the guarantee of equal power in the Senate beyond even the reach of the amendment process. To modern eyes, this reassurance to the small states looks pretty undemocratic.

Why should the weight of the 42 smaller states be so very, very much greater in the Senate than the weight of the eight biggest? The answer is or was : To get the deal done. All products are Made-in-the-USA, and many are created exclusively for our store. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

In the United States Senate all states are represented equally. Regardless of size or population, each state has two senators, who serve six-year terms.

If you notice that your urine is foamy in nature, it is advisable to get in touch with a doctor and determine the cause of the issue. It will enable you to get proper treatment for any underlying physical problem that is causing foamy urine.

What are the Causes of Foamy Urine in Men? Foamy Urine Causes Check out what causes foamy urine in men. The speed of the urine stream - One of the causes of foamy urine is the fast speed of urination. When a rapid stream of urine hits the toilet bowl, it can cause foamy bubbles to appear. This sort of foam clears up quickly and shouldn't be a cause of worry.

Dehydration - Among the foamy urine causes, dehydration is a common factor. When your body doesn't get enough water, your urine becomes concentrated.

This concentrated urine can make foam appear when finally released from your body due to the spike in the protein levels. Kidney problems - When your kidneys aren't in their best form and they can't function properly, the filtration abilities are impacted. As a result, some amount of protein may escape into your urine. This condition is known as proteinuria. When your urine is concentrated, it may foam or bubble.

Toilet cleaning chemicals. The appearance of foamy urine may also be caused by chemicals in your toilet bowl. Just like when you wash your hands with soap and it forms foam, the presence of cleaning products in your toilet can cause foam to form. Try flushing out the chemicals in your toilet to see if the foam stops. Certain medications can also cause bubbles or foam in your urine. For example, some medications that treat urinary tract infections have been known to cause foamy urine.

Too much protein. If you notice foam in your urine, Dr. Ghossein says you should call your primary care physician. A simple urine test can confirm if you have protein in your urine, and how much. Based on these test results, your medical history and a thorough exam, your physician may send you to a specialist for further testing and care, she says. It is important to note that foamy urine, when accompanied by swollen legs and swelling around the eyes, can indicate a serious medical condition, says Dr.

If you have all three of these symptoms, you should seek medical care right away. What medication to have on hand, how to store it, and how and when to get rid of it. Doctors may prescribe medications for people with early kidney disease.

They may also recommend making positive lifestyle changes, such as:. People with severe kidney disease or kidneys that function poorly may require dialysis. This is a procedure that cleanses the blood of excess waste. If a person has foamy urine, they should consider the most likely causes first. These include urinating with a strong stream, being dehydrated, and there being soap or another cleaning product in the toilet bowl. However, if foamy urine accompanies other symptoms or reoccurs, a person should contact a doctor for further evaluation.

Kidney disease affects 4. There are many different types and causes, and most are treatable. Learn more about…. Sweet-smelling urine may be caused by diet, diabetes, or maple syrup urine disease. Learn why urine may smell sweet, treatments, and when to see a…. How much plain water do we really need? Is '8 X 8' a good guideline? Can we drink coffee instead of water? Find out more about how much fluid the body…. Dark-colored urine and thirst are classic signs that someone is dehydrated.

The simple solution is to drink more. But when dehydration occurs in the….

The law itself can be stated as follows: for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, P pressure and V volume are inversely proportional—that is, when one doubles, the other is reduced by half. Remember that these relations hold true only if the number of molecules n and the temperature T are both constant.

In an industrial process, a gas confined to a volume of 1 L at a pressure of 20 atm is allowed to flow into a L container by opening the valve that connects the two containers. What is the final pressure of the gas? Set up the problem by setting up the known and unknown variables. The new pressure P 2 remains unknown. Boundless vets and curates high-quality, openly licensed content from around the Internet. This particular resource used the following sources:. The numerical value of the constant depends on which units the pressure volume and temperature are in.

Since the temperature of a gas is proportional to the square of the rms speed of the molecules, this compression leads to a very noticeable increase in temperature. The overall volume of the object will be bigger. These examples of the effect of temperature on the volume of a given amount of a confined gas at constant pressure are true in general: The volume increases as the temperature increases, and decreases as the temperature decreases. In this case, volume will also decrease.

This means that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature. If the amount of gas in a container is increased, the volume increases. If the amount of gas in a container is decreased, the volume decreases. This is assuming of course that the container has expandible walls. So if the volume increases, the pressure decreases. Because the volume has decreased, the particles will collide more frequently with the walls of the container. More collisions mean more force, so the pressure will increase.

When the volume decreases, the pressure increases. This shows that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Decreasing the volume of a contained gas will increase its pressure, and increasing its volume will decrease its pressure. In fact, if the volume increases by a certain factor, the pressure decreases by the same factor, and vice versa.

Volume-pressure data for an air sample at room temperature are graphed in Figure 5. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. Ben Davis December 25,

I would go so far as to say that we are in desperate need of eccentrics. Clearly, eccentricity trumps compliance. And it's because he acutely understands what it means to be enigmatic and what it means to be a fan. From his early days being a devoted fan of The New York Dolls, Shelagh Delaney, John Betjeman, and David Bowie, Morrissey understood the powerful, heartbreaking, and intimate intricacies of fandom and art.

If we are clever enough to look, we will find some sense of hope with the few artists he holds in high regard today. We need more Patti Smith and less Will Smith.

We need more Jeff Beck and less David Beckham. We need Morrissey for the simple reason that he is the best example of an artist and public figure whose individualism cannot be bought or sold.

News U. Politics Joe Biden Congress Extremism. Special Projects Highline. HuffPost Personal Video Horoscopes. Follow Us. Notify me of new posts via email. Too bloody right we are. Image from the amazing Morrissey-solo site. Share this: Share Facebook Twitter. Like this: Like Loading Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:. Email required Address never made public. Name required. Follow Following. Sign me up. The NME, keen to hang on to its vinyl exclusive, initially tried to discard the offending quotes, but after I threatened to publish them elsewhere — and with some pressure added from certain staffers at the time — they relented.

A complete breakdown in trust between myself and the editors meant that when the piece eventually went to press, my byline had been removed from the piece — making an already messy situation far worse.

When the piece was published, all hell broke loose. It was a stressful time. But fellow music writers openly expressed doubt about my version of events. After that it went rather quiet.

Certainly, the long history of support for racist and far-right organisations speaks to something else. The implication was always that he had been misquoted, or his words taken out of context. At times, he would use his impressively dogged — and career-long — support for animal rights as an excuse. Defenders are increasingly hard to come by. His press officer was unable to provide anyone to speak to us. We were always very different people and I think most people know that.

Yet even those of us who have undergone considerable mental gymnastics to absolve Morrissey have now run out of plausible arguments although there are those on his fan forums who seem happy to agree that Tommy Robinson is mistreated, and that For Britain does have something valid to say. Yet still the faithful flock. Morrissey retains a large audience in America, a hardcore of fans who are either unaware or unfazed by his awful bigotry. The British press, meanwhile, remains fascinated with this once-revered figure, faithfully reporting his every utterance no matter how barmy.

The Smiths were magnificent but the Morrissey we once festooned with love and flowers is no more. The light has gone out.

They also give healthcare providers a wealth of information about the size and structure of the liver. If necessary, your healthcare provider may order additional, more complex imaging tests, including an abdominal computed tomography CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging MRI. Both examinations are more complex than ultrasound, but can sometimes answer questions that ultrasound cannot.

More invasive testing is sometimes necessary depending on the results of blood tests and imaging. If, for example, fluid is discovered in your abdomen, your healthcare provider may prescribe the removal of some fluid for analysis. This procedure, called a paracentesis, can be performed bedside under local anesthesia. Occasionally, a biopsy of the liver is required to reach a final diagnosis. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope.

Like a paracentesis, this procedure is also often performed bedside, using a local anesthetic, during which a small needle is placed into the liver through the skin and a tiny piece of tissue removed.

Remember that hepatomegaly is usually a symptom of an underlying disease that may or may not require treatment. Your treatment plan will ultimately be determined by what is causing your liver enlargement.

There are many causes of liver enlargement. Some of the most common ones include hepatitis, steatosis, drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, liver tumors, or storage disorders of the liver. Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by viruses. Of these, the most common cause of chronic long-lasting hepatitis are hepatitis B and C viruses. If you are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus, your healthcare provider may recommend antiviral treatment if an initial evaluation reveals that you have severe active disease.

Most patients with chronic hepatitis C will be considered for therapy. Antiviral agents for hepatitis B and C include interferon or other agents that act directly to stop the virus medications whose names end in -vir such as entecavir, ledipasvir, among others. Also called "fatty liver," steatosis occurs when liver cells accumulate fat in response to injury. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD refers to an accumulation of fat in the liver not caused by alcohol, viral infection, medications, or genetic disease.

A related term is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH , which refers to steatosis associated with inflammation. Just like patients with other types of liver disease, patients with NAFLD can progress to advanced liver disease and cirrhosis. Treatment often centers on lifestyle modification such as diet, exercise, and weight loss.

Medications are reserved mainly for patients with more severe disease. Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can cause a range of liver conditions, including alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver disease, or cirrhosis. The workup may also include blood tests or imaging. It is critical to recognize the signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse early because patients often do not develop symptoms until they have life-threatening liver disease.

Treatment for alcohol abuse may take many different forms, including counseling, residential treatment, or support groups. Occasionally, medications can be used as an adjunct to other types of therapy. Both benign and malignant liver tumors may cause enlargement of the liver.

The most common types of benign liver tumors include cysts, hemangiomas, adenomas, or focal nodular hyperplasia. Occasionally, a biopsy may be required to make a final diagnosis.

Usually, no treatment is necessary for benign liver tumors, unless they are causing severe symptoms such as abdominal pain or bleeding. Rarely, liver adenomas can degenerate into a cancerous tumor, and your healthcare provider may recommend periodic imaging to make sure no changes have occurred in your liver.

Malignant liver tumors can be divided into primary or secondary liver tumors. Primary liver tumors are tumors that arise directly from the liver tissue. The most common examples are hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma. The treatment arsenal for primary liver tumors may include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or other liver-directed procedures.

Some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma may qualify for curative liver transplantation. Your specific treatment plan will depend on your diagnosis and specific circumstances. A secondary liver tumor is a tumor from some other part of the body that has involved the liver. Tumors may grow directly into the liver known as direct invasion or may spread to the liver via the bloodstream known as metastasis.

Almost any tumor can spread to the liver, and treatment is variable. When your healthcare providers create a treatment plan for secondary liver tumors, they will consider your overall health, the behavior of your disease, other coexisting diseases, and your own treatment goals. This refers to a group of diseases where the liver stores too much carbohydrate, minerals, or other biological molecules.

When the liver is significantly enlarged, a person may feel as though they are full on the right side of their body, or they may report some discomfort in that area. People may also experience some accompanying symptoms of an underlying liver problem. These may include:. Liver steatosis is the medical term for a buildup of fats in the liver.

It is a common condition, affecting around 1 in 3 adults in the U. There are four different grades of liver steatosis. Treatment for hepatomegaly involves treating the underlying cause. The sections below will outline some potential causes and their associated treatment options in more detail.

The treatment for hepatitis depends on the type of hepatitis a person has. The different types and their associated treatments include:.

The treatment for ALD will involve treating the alcohol use disorder itself. This may include one or more of the following:. Some potential treatment options include:. The treatment for liver cancer will partly depend on whether the cancer is primary or secondary.

Other factors to consider include the size and stage of the cancer. Although there is currently no cure for heart failure, there are treatments available that can help manage the condition and prevent further complications. Some examples include:. Some women experience hepatomegaly during pregnancy.

Some causes of hepatomegaly during pregnancy can severely affect the health of the woman and the fetus. In infants, hepatitis B infections can be severe or even life threatening. Children who have the condition do not usually experience any outward symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they tend to include fatigue and discomfort in the upper right abdomen. However, it appears to be more common among children with the following conditions:.

The extent to which a slightly enlarged liver is dangerous depends on the reason for the enlargement. However, it could be an indication that a person should consider making some lifestyle changes.

That said, certain conditions can cause a slightly enlarged liver to become a significantly enlarged and damaged liver without treatment. Such conditions include:. A study used ultrasound to estimate the average diameter of an adult liver. The data below was gathered from 2, people ranging in age from 18 to In this study, only 11 percent had a liver larger than 16 centimeters cm. Body shape, weight, and sex can also affect the size of your liver.

Your doctor will take these into account when examining your liver for possible signs of hepatomegaly. If a doctor suspects a more serious condition, they may recommend a liver biopsy.

A liver biopsy is a surgical test where your doctor takes a small sample of your liver for microscopic examination. The likelihood of feeling an enlarged liver is unlikely. But because damage to your liver can cause an accumulation of fluid within your abdomen, you may notice that your stomach sticks out more than usual. You could also experience other symptoms like jaundice, loss of appetite, and stomach pain. Make an appointment with a doctor if you think you may have signs or symptoms of hepatomegaly.

Your liver is a vital organ. This could include exercising more, drinking less alcohol, and eating a balanced diet. Your treatment options depend upon the underlying disorders that cause your liver enlargement. Some of the treatments your doctor will recommend may include:. These include:. There are many lifestyle factors that can cause hepatomegaly. Managing these factors can decrease your risk for an enlarged liver.

The outlook for recovery and reduction of symptoms depends on the underlying cause of your hepatomegaly. You may have a better outcome if your doctor discovers hepatomegaly in its early stages. Medications are available to reduce the symptoms of conditions, like congestive heart failure and liver failure. Severe liver damage can lead to lifelong complications.

Damage to the liver from excessive drinking can lead to ARLD. Years of alcohol abuse cause the liver to become inflamed and swollen. The liver is an important organ that grows as you age. An enlarged liver could be a sign of a serious condition that requires medical treatment.

The liver is a powerhouse organ, performing a variety of tasks that are essential to maintaining good health. Eat these 11 foods for optimal liver….

Mandel lays out the fist bumping rules to all the contestants that stick out their hands to meet him on the show. But his OCD goes far beyond that.

Off stage, it's all consuming. His makeup artists must use brand new sponges every day. He won't touch his money unless it's been washed. He avoids hand rails like the plague. I never go near a hand rail," he said.

Even Mandel's trademark bald head is this way by choice. My life stops. Mandel is going public with his struggle with his OCD in a humorous autobiography entitled, "Here's the Deal: Don't Touch Me," which hits bookstores today. He reveals the unusual set of rituals and the terrifying role that OCD consumes in his life.

And then I thought, like anybody else, you know, I don't think I locked the door. I just kept going back to the door. And I couldn't stop myself from checking and checking," he recalls. But intellectually, I know I had checked the door. So why am I going back? I can't get past the thought, whether it's thoughts that go into your head. Thoughts, horrible images, or whatever," he said.

Born and raised in Toronto, Mandel grew up in a self-described loving family. As long as he can remember, he had an unhealthy fear of germs. He said kids made fun of him because he couldn't tie his shoes. But I don't want to say I'm afraid to touch it because it's dirty, so I didn't," he recalled.

Because of his fear of germs, Mandel didn't tie his shoes, which made walking difficult. Mandel said he grew up feeling isolated.

But what happened? Some suggested that Howie may have had alopecia, which causes a pattern of hair loss. But alopecia can also cause hair loss elsewhere on the body, like the eyebrows and eyelashes. And at last check, Howie still had his. Fans say that Howie doesn't have alopecia, but that something else is at play when it comes to his lack of hair. But he hasn't come forward about any health conditions that could be causing his hair loss.

It sounds like Howie didn't lose his hair, IE via male pattern baldness. He had some hair as a teen, and throwback pics prove it. But it didn't start falling out or otherwise become unhealthy before he ultimately morphed into the bald-headed Howie of today. If Howie doesn't have alopecia, why, exactly, is he bald? Most sources seem to agree that Howie Mandel has no hair because that's what he chose. While losing all of your hair might seem like a big deal, these 11 celebrities prove that sometimes, it's better to embrace the bald lifestyle.

Billy Joel's advice? John Travolta credited his friend and fellow baldie Pitbull with encouraging him to shave his head. Bruce Willis has been bald for a while, but when he first appeared on our TV screens in "Moonlighting," he was a brunette. Samuel L. Jackson wears a lot of hats in public, so it's easy to miss that he's bald. Billy Joel used to have jet black hair, but now he's embraced his bald look.

In the beginning of his movie career, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson kept his hair cropped short, but now he just shaves it. Howie Mandel likes to keep his head shaved because he says it helps him deal with his mysophobia fear of germs and OCD.

Taye Diggs started shaving his head before he saw that his hairline was starting to recede. Ben Kingsley has been bald for over 20 years. Jason Statham's hair appeared to be thinning before he shaved it off. According to Stanley Tucci, he decided to shave his head in his thirties after slowly losing it. Billy Zane had a pretty impressive head of hair in "Titanic," but he's all about the bald lifestyle these days.

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